What is a monitor cable? Which monitor cable is best?

What is a monitor cable?

A monitor cable is a cable that connects a computer or other video source (such as a game console, TV set-top box, etc.) to a monitor. It is responsible for transmitting video signals, and sometimes audio signals and control signals. The quality of the monitor cable directly affects the display effect, including image clarity, color accuracy, and signal stability.

The role of monitor cables

The main function of monitor cables is to transmit video signals, and transmit the video signals generated by video source devices (such as computers, game consoles, etc.) to the monitor in order to display images. In addition, some high-end monitor cables can also transmit audio signals and control signals to achieve more comprehensive functions.

What is a VGA cable

A VGA cable usually consists of the following parts:

Connector:

• 15-pin D-sub connector: Both ends of the VGA cable usually use a 15-pin D-sub connector (also called a DE-15 connector), which is a rectangular connector with 15 pins.

Cable:

• Internal wire core: The VGA cable usually contains 9 or more wire cores, which are used to transmit video signals and control signals respectively.

• Shielding layer: To reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), VGA cables usually contain a shielding layer.

Working principle of VGA cable

VGA cable transmits analog video signals, including the following signals:

Red, green and blue primary color signals:

VGA cable transmits red, green and blue primary color signals through three independent channels, which are transmitted to the display after analog modulation.
Through the combination of these three signals, the display can display various colors.

Horizontal Sync (HSync):

• Used to indicate the start position of each line scan.

• The horizontal sync signal helps the display synchronize the scan position of each line.

Vertical Sync (VSync):

• Used to indicate the start position of each frame scan.

• The vertical sync signal helps the display synchronize the scan position of each frame.

Ground:

• Provide power grounding to ensure signal stability.

Advantages and disadvantages of VGA cable

Advantages:

• Strong compatibility: VGA interface is widely used in various old devices, such as old monitors, projectors, etc.

• Lower cost: VGA cables are cheaper than other modern interfaces (such as HDMI and DisplayPort).

• Easy to use: Simple connection without additional configuration.

Disadvantages:

• Signal quality: VGA transmits analog signals, which are susceptible to electromagnetic interference, especially when transmitted over long distances.

• Resolution limitation: VGA cables generally support a maximum resolution of 1920x1080 (1080p), which is not suitable for display devices with higher resolutions.

• No support for audio transmission: VGA cables only transmit video signals, do not support audio transmission, and require additional audio cables.

• No support for digital signals: As digital signals become mainstream, VGA is gradually being eliminated, especially in high-definition display devices.

Application scenarios of VGA cables

Office environment:

• In many office environments, older monitors and projectors still use VGA interfaces.

• Due to their low cost and ease of use, VGA cables still have a certain market in office environments.

Education and conference:

• In schools and conference rooms, many projectors still use VGA interfaces.

• VGA cables are easy to carry and connect, suitable for temporary demonstrations and teaching.

Temporary connection:

• In temporary connection or emergency situations, VGA cable can quickly connect old devices, which is convenient and fast.

What is DP cable

DisplayPort (DP for short) cable is a digital interface standard for transmitting high-definition video and audio signals. It is an advanced digital video interface widely used in modern monitors, laptops, desktops and other video devices. DP cable not only supports high resolution and high refresh rate, but also has many other advantages.

Basic structure of DP cable

DP cable usually consists of the following parts:

Connector:

• DisplayPort connector: One end of the DP cable usually uses DisplayPort connector, which is a flat rectangular connector with multiple versions.

• Mini DisplayPort connector: This is a more compact version, usually used in laptops and other portable devices.

Cable:

• Inner core: DP cable contains multiple cores inside for transmitting video signals, audio signals, control signals and auxiliary signals.

• Shielding layer: In order to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), DP cable usually contains one or more shielding layers.

Working principle of DP cable

DP cable transmits digital video signals, including the following signals:

Video signal:

• DP cable transmits digital video signals through multiple channels and supports multiple resolutions and refresh rates.

• Supports multiple video formats, such as RGB, YCbCr, etc.

Audio signal:

• DP cable supports multi-channel audio signal transmission and can transmit high-quality audio signals.

• Supports multiple audio formats, such as PCM, Dolby Digital, etc.

Control signal:

• DP cable supports control signals in DisplayPort protocol for managing and controlling video signal transmission.

• Including link training, status report and other functions.

Auxiliary signal:

• DP cable supports auxiliary signal transmission for other functions, such as USB data transmission, etc.

Advantages of DP cable

High resolution support:

• DP cable supports multiple high resolutions, including ultra-high-definition resolutions such as 4K and 8K.

• The latest version of DP 2.0 supports up to 16K resolution.

High refresh rate support:

• DP cable supports high refresh rates, such as 120Hz, 144Hz, etc.

• Suitable for high-performance games and professional graphic design.

Multiple outputs:

• DP cables support multiple outputs and can connect multiple monitors at the same time.

• Supports Multi-Stream Transport (MST), allowing multiple monitors to be connected via a single cable.

Audio transmission:

• DP cables support high-quality audio signal transmission, including multi-channel audio.

• Suitable for high-definition video playback and gaming.

High bandwidth:

• DP cables support high-bandwidth transmission, and the latest version of DP 2.0 supports up to 80 Gbps bandwidth.

Backward compatibility:

• DP cables support backward compatibility and can be compatible with older versions of DisplayPort devices.

Auxiliary functions:

• DP cables support auxiliary functions, such as USB data transmission, power supply, etc.

DP Cable Versions

VERSION	Maximum bandwidth	Supports maximum resolution	Other
DisplayPort 1.0 (2006)	10.8 Gbps	2560x1600 @ 60Hz	/
DisplayPort 1.1 (2007)	10.8 Gbps	2560x1600 @ 60Hz	/
DisplayPort 1.2 (2009)	17.28 Gbps	5120x3200 @ 60Hz	Introduced Multi-Stream Transport (MST)
DisplayPort 1.2a (2011)	17.28 Gbps	5120x3200 @ 60Hz	Improved MST support
DisplayPort 1.3 (2014)	25.92 Gbps	5120x2880 @ 60Hz	Supports 4K @ 60Hz 4:4:4
DisplayPort 1.4 (2016)	32.4 Gbps	7680x4320 @ 60Hz	Supports HDR
DisplayPort 2.0 (2019)	80 Gbps	16K @ 60Hz	Supports 4K @ 144Hz 4:4:4 Supports 8K @ 60Hz 4:4:4

Application scenarios of DP cable

High-performance gaming:

• DP cable supports high refresh rate and high resolution, suitable for high-performance gaming.

• For example, 144Hz refresh rate at 4K resolution.

Professional graphic design:

• DP cable supports high resolution and high refresh rate, suitable for professional graphic design and video editing.

• For example, 60Hz refresh rate at 4K resolution.

Multi-monitor connection:

• DP cable supports multiple outputs and can connect multiple monitors at the same time.

• Suitable for multi-screen workstations and video walls.

HD video playback:

• DP cable supports high-quality video and audio transmission, suitable for HD video playback.

• For example, HDR video at 4K resolution.

Portable devices:

• Mini DisplayPort interface is widely used in laptops and other portable devices.

• Supports HD video and audio transmission.

Comparison of DP cable with other interfaces

Compared with VGA cable:

• VGA cable: transmits analog signals, supports lower resolutions, and does not support audio transmission.

• DP cable: transmits digital signals, supports high resolutions and high refresh rates, and supports audio transmission.

Compared with DVI cable:

• DVI cable: supports digital signals, but does not support audio transmission.

• DP cable: supports digital signals, supports audio transmission, supports high resolutions and high refresh rates.

Compared with HDMI cable:

• HDMI cable: supports digital signals, supports audio transmission, supports high resolutions and high refresh rates.

• DP cable: supports higher resolution and refresh rate, supports multiple outputs, and supports higher bandwidth.

What is HDMI cable

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) cable is a digital interface standard for transmitting high-definition video and audio signals. HDMI cables are widely used in a variety of devices such as TVs, monitors, game consoles, computers, etc., supporting high-quality video and audio transmission. The following is a detailed description of HDMI cables.

Basic structure of HDMI cable

HDMI cables usually consist of the following parts:

Connector:

• Type A (Standard A) connector: The most common HDMI connector, suitable for most TVs, monitors and other devices.

• Type B (Wide B) connector: Less common, mainly used for professional equipment, supporting higher bandwidth.

• Type C (Mini HDMI) connector: Suitable for portable devices such as laptops and tablets.

• Type D (Micro HDMI) connector: Suitable for small portable devices such as smartphones and tablets.

Cable:

• Internal core: HDMI cable contains multiple cores inside for transmitting video signals, audio signals, control signals and auxiliary signals.

• Shielding layer: In order to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), HDMI cables usually contain one or more shielding layers.

How HDMI Cables Work

HDMI cables transmit digital video and audio signals, including the following signals:

Video signal:

• HDMI cables transmit digital video signals through multiple channels and support multiple resolutions and refresh rates.

• Support multiple video formats, such as RGB, YCbCr, etc.

Audio signal:

• HDMI cables support multi-channel audio signal transmission and can transmit high-quality audio signals.

• Support multiple audio formats, such as PCM, Dolby Digital, DTS, etc.

Control signal:

• HDMI cables support control signals in the HDMI protocol for managing and controlling video signal transmission.

• Including functions such as EDID (Extended Display Identification Data) and CEC (Consumer Electronics Control).

Auxiliary signal:

• HDMI cables support auxiliary signal transmission for other functions, such as HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) encryption, etc.

Advantages of HDMI cables

High-resolution support:

• HDMI cables support multiple high resolutions, including ultra-high-definition resolutions such as 4K and 8K.

• The latest version of HDMI 2.1 supports up to 10K resolution.

High refresh rate support:

• HDMI cables support high refresh rates, such as 120Hz, 144Hz, etc.

• Suitable for high-performance gaming and professional graphic design.

Audio transmission:

• HDMI cables support high-quality audio signal transmission, including multi-channel audio.

• Suitable for high-definition video playback and gaming.

High bandwidth:

• HDMI cables support high-bandwidth transmission, and the latest version of HDMI 2.1 supports up to 48 Gbps bandwidth.

Backward compatibility:

• HDMI cables support backward compatibility and can be compatible with older versions of HDMI devices.

Control function:

• HDMI cables support CEC (Consumer Electronics Control) function, which can realize control between devices.

• For example, control multiple connected devices through a remote control.

Content protection:

• HDMI cables support HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) encryption to protect digital content from illegal copying

HDMI cable versions

VERSION	Maximum bandwidth	Supports maximum resolution	Other
HDMI 1.0 (2002)	7.95 Gbps	1080p @ 60Hz	/
HDMI 1.1 (2004)	7.95 Gbps	1080p @ 60Hz	Added support for DVD Audio
HDMI 1.2 (2005)	7.95 Gbps	1080p @ 60Hz	Added support for Uncompressed Audio
HDMI 1.3 (2006)	10.2 Gbps	1080p @ 60Hz	Added Deep Color support
HDMI 1.4 (2009)	10.2 Gbps	4K @ 30Hz	Added 3D support, Audio Return Channel (ARC), and Ethernet Channel
HDMI 2.0 (2013)	18 Gbps	4K @ 60Hz	Support HDR (High Dynamic Range)
HDMI 2.0a (2015)	18 Gbps	4K @ 60Hz	Improved HDR support
HDMI 2.0b (2017)	18 Gbps	4K @ 60Hz	Improved HDR support
HDMI 2.1 (2017)	48 Gbps	10K @ 120Hz	Support dynamic HDR, variable refresh rate (VRR), automatic low latency mode (ALLM), etc.

Application scenarios of HDMI cables

High definition video playback:

• HDMI cables support high-quality video and audio transmission, suitable for high-definition video playback.

• For example, HDR videos at 4K resolution.

High performance games:

• HDMI cables support high refresh rates and resolutions, making them suitable for high-performance gaming.

• For example, a 120Hz refresh rate at 4K resolution.

Professional graphic design:

• HDMI cables support high resolution and high refresh rate, making them suitable for professional graphic design and video editing.

• For example, 60Hz refresh rate at 4K resolution.

Home theater:

• HDMI cables support high-quality audio and video transmission and are suitable for home theater systems.

• For example, multi-channel audio and 4K video.

Portable devices:

• Micro HDMI and Mini HDMI interfaces are widely used in laptops, tablets, and other portable devices.

• Supports high-definition video and audio transmission.

Comparison of HDMI cable with other interfaces

Compared with VGA cable:

• VGA cable: transmits analog signal, supports lower resolution, does not support audio transmission.

• HDMI cable: transmits digital signal, supports high resolution and high refresh rate, supports audio transmission.

Compared with DVI cable:

• DVI cable: supports digital signal, but does not support audio transmissionHDMI cable: supports digital signal, supports audio transmission, supports high resolution and high refresh rate.

Compared with DisplayPort cable:

• DisplayPort cable: supports higher resolution and refresh rate, supports multiple outputs, and supports higher bandwidth.

What is DVI cable?

DVI (Digital Visual Interface) cable is an interface standard for transmitting digital video signals. It is widely used in computer monitors, projectors and other display devices. DVI cable is designed to provide high-quality digital video transmission and gradually replaces traditional analog video interfaces (such as VGA).

Basic structure of DVI cable

DVI cable usually consists of the following parts:

Connector:

• DVI-D (Digital Only): Only supports digital signal transmission.

• DVI-I (Integrated): Supports digital and analog signal transmission.

• DVI-A (Analog Only): Only supports analog signal transmission, which is relatively rare.

Cable:

• Internal core: DVI cable contains multiple cores for transmitting video signals and control signals.

• Shielding layer: In order to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), DVI cable usually contains one or more shielding layers.

Working principle of DVI cable

DVI cable transmits digital video signals, including the following signals:

Video signal:

• DVI cable transmits digital video signals through multiple channels and supports multiple resolutions and refresh rates.

• Supports multiple video formats, such as RGB.

Control signal:

• DVI cable supports DDC (Display Data Channel) signal, which is used to automatically configure the optimal settings of the display device.

• Includes functions such as link training and status reporting.

Auxiliary signal:

• DVI-I connector also supports analog signal transmission, transmitting analog video signals through additional pins.

Types of DVI cables

There are three main types of DVI cables:

DVI-D (Digital Only):

• Definition: Only supports digital signal transmission.

• Connector: 24+1 pin connector.

Features:

• Does not support analog signal transmission.

• Suitable for digital displays, such as LCD monitors.

DVI-I (Integrated):

• Definition: Supports digital and analog signal transmission.

• Connector: 24+5 pin connector.

Features:

• Can connect analog monitors (such as CRT monitors) through adapters.

• Strong compatibility, suitable for a variety of display devices.

DVI-A (Analog Only):

• Definition: Only supports analog signal transmission.

• Connector: 24+5 pin connector.

Features:

• Less common, mainly used in special applications.

• Does not support digital signal transmission.

Advantages of DVI cable

High resolution support:

• DVI cable supports a variety of high resolutions, such as 1080p, 1440p, etc.

• Suitable for high-definition display devices.

Digital signal transmission:

• DVI cable transmits digital signals, which have high signal quality and are not easily affected by electromagnetic interference.

• Suitable for long-distance transmission.

Strong compatibility:

• DVI-I connector supports analog signal transmission and can be connected to analog monitors through adapters.

• Suitable for a variety of display devices.

Automatic configuration:

• DVI cable supports DDC signal and can automatically configure the optimal settings of the display device.

• Suitable for automated display settings.

Moderate cost:

• Compared to HDMI and DisplayPort cables, DVI cables are less expensive.

• Suitable for applications with limited budgets.

Disadvantages of DVI cable

Does not support audio transmission:

• DVI cable only supports video signal transmission, not audio transmission.

• Requires an additional audio cable.

Limited multi-channel output:

• DVI cable does not support multi-channel output function and cannot connect multiple monitors at the same time.

• Suitable for single monitor connection.

High-resolution limitations:

• Although DVI cables support high resolution, the highest resolution is usually 1080p or 1440p.

• Ultra-high resolutions such as 4K and 8K are not supported.

Long-distance transmission limitations:

• Signal quality may be degraded over long distances.

• Suitable for shorter distance connections.

Application scenarios of DVI cables

Computer monitors:

• DVI cables are widely used in computer monitors, especially LCD monitors.

• Suitable for high-definition display needs.

Projectors:

• Many projectors support DVI interfaces, which are suitable for high-definition video playback and presentations.

• Suitable for conferences and educational occasions.

Office environment:

• In many office environments, DVI cables are used to connect computers and monitors.

• Suitable for daily office needs.

Temporary connection:

• DVI cables are suitable for temporary connections or emergency use.

• Suitable for temporary demonstrations and displays.

Comparison of DVI cables with other interfaces

Compared with VGA cables:

• VGA cables: Transmit analog signals, support lower resolutions, and do not support audio transmission.

• DVI cables: Transmit digital signals, support high resolutions, and do not support audio transmission.

Compared with HDMI cable:

• HDMI cable: supports digital signals, supports audio transmission, supports high resolution and high refresh rate.

• DVI cable: supports digital signals, does not support audio transmission, supports high resolution.

Compared with DisplayPort cable:

• DisplayPort cable: supports digital signals, supports audio transmission, supports higher resolution and refresh rate, supports multiple outputs.

• DVI cable: supports digital signals, does not support audio transmission, supports high resolution, does not support multiple outputs.

What is USB Type C cable

USB Type-C (USB-C for short) cable is a versatile cable that supports multiple functions such as high-speed data transmission, video signal transmission, audio signal transmission and power supply. USB-C cable has quickly gained popularity due to its compact, reversible design and wide compatibility, becoming one of the most commonly used interfaces in modern electronic devices.

Basic structure of USB Type-C cable

USB Type-C cable usually consists of the following parts:

Connector:

• USB Type-C connector: This is a flat rectangular connector that is identical at both ends and can be inserted in both directions.

• Size: About 8.3mm x 2.5mm, smaller than traditional USB Type-A and Type-B connectors.

Cable:

• Internal core: USB Type-C cable contains multiple cores for transmitting data, video, audio and power.

• Shielding layer: In order to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), USB Type-C cables usually contain one or more shielding layers.

How USB Type-C Cables Work

USB Type-C cables support a variety of protocols and functions, including the following aspects:

Data transfer:

• USB Type-C cables support high-speed data transfer standards such as USB 3.1 Gen 1/Gen 2 and USB 4.

• Data transfer speeds can reach up to 40 Gbps (USB 4).

Video transmission:

• USB Type-C cables support a variety of video transmission protocols, such as DisplayPort Alt Mode (Alt Mode) and Thunderbolt 3.

• Supports a variety of resolutions, including ultra-high-definition resolutions such as 4K and 8K.

Audio transmission:

• USB Type-C cables support high-quality audio signal transmission.

• Suitable for high-definition audio playback and recording devices.

Power supply:

• USB Type-C cables support Power Delivery (PD) protocol and can provide up to 100W of power supply.

• Suitable for fast charging and power adapters.

Control signals:

• USB Type-C cables support a variety of control signals for managing and configuring devices.

• Including link training, status reporting and other functions.

Advantages of USB Type-C Cable

Versatility:

• USB Type-C cable supports multiple functions, including data transmission, video transmission, audio transmission and power supply.

• Applicable to a variety of application scenarios, such as laptops, mobile phones, monitors, etc.

High-speed data transmission:

• USB Type-C cable supports high-speed data transmission, up to 40 Gbps (USB 4).

• Applicable to large data transmission, such as video editing, file backup, etc.

Reversible plug design:

• The USB Type-C connector is exactly the same at both ends, and can be inserted in both directions, which is convenient and fast.

• Applicable to various devices, reducing plugging and unplugging errors.

Wide compatibility:

• USB Type-C cable supports a variety of protocols and standards, including USB 3.1, USB 4, DisplayPort, Thunderbolt 3, etc.

• Applicable to a variety of devices and application scenarios.

High power supply:

• USB Type-C cable supports up to 100W of power supply, suitable for fast charging and power adapters.

• Applicable to fast charging of devices such as laptops, mobile phones, etc.

Miniaturization:

• USB Type-C connector is small in size and suitable for portable devices.

• Suitable for portable devices such as smartphones and tablets.

USB Type-C cable versions and standards

VERSION	Maximum bandwidth	Supports USB Type-C connector	Other
USB 3.1 Gen 1 (2013)	5 Gbps	Supports	/
USB 3.1 Gen 2 (2014)	10 Gbps	Supports	/
USB 3.2 (2017)	20 Gbps	Supports	Compatible with Thunderbolt 3
USB 4 (2019)	40 Gbps	Supports	Supports DisplayPort 1.2, PCIe 3.0 x4
Thunderbolt 3 (2015)	40 Gbps	Supports	Supports DisplayPort 1.2, PCIe 3.0 x4
Thunderbolt 4 (2020)	40 Gbps	Supports	Supports DisplayPort 1.2, PCIe 3.0 x4

Application scenarios of USB Type-C cable

Laptops and desktops:

• USB Type-C cables are widely used in laptops and desktops, supporting high-speed data transmission, video transmission and power supply.

• Suitable for data backup, video editing and other application scenarios.

Smartphones and tablets:

• USB Type-C cables are widely used in smartphones and tablets, supporting fast charging and data transmission.

• Suitable for daily use and fast charging.

Monitors and projectors:

• USB Type-C cables support video transmission and are suitable for connecting monitors and projectors.

• Suitable for high-definition video playback and presentation.

Peripheral connection:

• USB Type-C cables support a variety of peripheral connections, such as mouse, keyboard, hard disk, etc.

• Suitable for a variety of peripheral expansion.

Audio devices:

• USB Type-C cables support high-quality audio transmission and are suitable for audio devices such as headphones and speakers.

• Suitable for high-definition audio playback and recording devices.

Comparison of USB Type-C cables with other interfaces

Compared with HDMI cables:

• HDMI cables: support high-definition video and audio transmission, but do not support high-speed data transmission and power supply.

• USB Type-C cable: supports high-definition video and audio transmission, as well as high-speed data transmission and power supply.

Compared with DisplayPort cable:

• DisplayPort cable: supports high-definition video transmission, but does not support high-speed data transmission and power supply.

• USB Type-C cable: supports high-definition video transmission, as well as high-speed data transmission and power supply.

HDMI cable, DP cable, DVI cable, VGA cable, USB Type c cable, which cable is better?

Which cable to choose depends on your specific needs, including the interface type of the device, transmission requirements (such as resolution, refresh rate), and whether audio transmission is required. Here is a basic introduction to some common cables and their respective characteristics:

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface):

• HDMI is an interface for digital uncompressed video and multi-channel audio data.

• Supports high-resolution video (such as 4K, 8K) and high refresh rates.

• HDMI 2.1 version supports up to 10K resolution and can transmit uncompressed or compressed video and multi-channel audio encrypted by HDCP.

• HDMI can also provide power to compatible devices. For example, some monitors can directly power connected cameras.

DisplayPort (DP):

• DP is also a digital display interface standard, mainly used for video and audio transmission.

• It supports high-resolution video and high refresh rate. The latest version DisplayPort 2.0 can support video output up to 8K60Hz or 4K120Hz.

• DP also supports Multi-Stream Transport (MST), allowing multiple monitors to be connected via a single cable.

DVI (Digital Visual Interface):

• DVI is an early digital video interface standard that does not support audio transmission.

• DVI-D can only transmit digital signals, while DVI-I can transmit both analog and digital signals.

• With the popularity of HDMI and DP, the use of DVI interfaces on new devices is becoming less and less.

VGA (Video Graphics Array):

• VGA is an analog video interface standard used to transmit analog signals.

• It does not support high-resolution video (usually up to 1920x1200), and the image quality may not be as good as the digital interface.

• Due to its analog nature, VGA may suffer from signal degradation over long distances.

USB Type-C:

• USB-C is a versatile port that can be used for charging, data transfer, and video output.

• Depending on the protocol used (e.g. USB3.1, Thunderbolt 3/4, DisplayPort over USB-C), it can support high-definition video output.

• The flexibility of USB-C is that it can accommodate a variety of different standards, but this also means that you need to make sure your device and cable support the specific protocol you need.

When choosing the right cable, decide based on the type of port your device supports. If you're looking for high resolution and high refresh rates, HDMI or DisplayPort may be a better choice. If you need a versatile port that can meet your needs for charging, data transfer, and video output, USB Type-C may be a better choice for you. For older devices or specific situations, VGA or DVI may be the only option.

There is a video here that may clearly tell you how to choose：

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